Theoretically, The European Union Is A Very Good Idea, That Is The Tho

Theoretically, the european union is a very good idea, that is the thought that a group of countries can: ? Trade freely with one another ? Establish policy towards non-member countries ? Coordinate member`s general econonic and agricultural policies ? Establish free movement of labour and capital throughout the member states. The EC is governed by a council of ministers made up of 500 members, with each member state holding a proportional number of ministers by state population of the EC. The serving ministers have to be elected into office by proportional representation. The European Court of Justice is a very imporant thins that has arisen from the EC. It allows an EC citizen who feels that he or she has been treated unfairly by the justice systen in their own state, may put forward their case to the Eeuropean Court of Justice. The 11 judges that make up the court would then decide whether or not to enforce a chane in state policy The EC has been seen to be effective in the area of trade. In some cases trade income from member states has quadrupled when compared to previous trade. The EC however does have its disadvantages, the amount of money paid into the EC by member countries is very different to the amount that these countries get out of it. Another arguably bad thing to come out of the EC is the Euro. The euro is bad because: ? It offers less freedom for member governments concerning economic policies. ? Europe-wide taxes could be indroduced, this would lead to unfairness to members with a less strong economy. ? Labour markets would become less flexable, leading to a high unemployment. These points hoever are countered by the fact that the Euro would boost trade between members and throughout the world due to the simpler currency, and that tourism between members would increase. The Euro would also reduce day-to-day fluctuations in the money markets. Overall I think that the idea behind the EC is a very good one and that a united Europe would lead to an outstanding European economy, however this cannot happen unless all member countries input a proportional equal to other members. If a common currency is to be worked out the surely common systems for other things have to be worked out. For example education, opinions of graduates from member countries would not be considered as highly as someone with qualifications from the home country. I think a lot more thought needs to go into to fact that it is very hard to produce complete equailty between nations, no matter how close the two countries are.

Debates concerning Accounting Theory are a waste Essays

Debates concerning Accounting Theory are a waste Essays Debates concerning Accounting Theory are a waste Essay Debates concerning Accounting Theory are a waste Essay Arguments refering Accounting Theory are a waste of clip Coursework Essay Introduction This essay examines the proposition that â€Å"Debates refering Accounting Theory are a waste of time† It covers the topographic point of the comptroller in society today, discusses some definitions of accounting theory and how those theories affect the development of accounting rules and codifications of pattern. Some comparings are made with theoretical procedure in other discaplines and the relationship between theory, professional moralss and moral opinions. The essay concludes with a position against the proposition as future advancement in any subject relies on strict, good planned and executed research linked to healthy statement and argument. The Accountants Role and Duties Accounting theory is, by definition, the state of comptrollers. There is some value, hence, in depicting the: function of the comptroller accountant’s primary duties parametric quantities of accounting pattern The accountant’s function is more diverse and wide-ranging than of all time before. Governmental, concern and non for net income administrations have become progressively complex in their range and operations. Globalisation, rapid developments in information engineering and more demanding legislative and regulative governments regulating fiscal activity have had a major consequence on the manner administrations are managed, regulated and perceived by society. The financial and fiscal direction of administrations and fiducial demands on proprietors and directors mean increasing trust on adept advice and counsel from professionals with extended preparation and experience in accounting techniques and patterns. Therefore the simplistic position of comptrollers fixing the fiscal and direction histories for statutory demands and managerial control is now an mistiming. It is hard to specify the function of the modern comptroller in a short phrase or paragraph. Possibly an accountantà ¢â‚¬â„¢s function could be perchance be described as the â€Å"guardian of fiscal communicating and control systems of society† An accountant’s duties are broad and vary significantly from administration to administration and from the accountant’s place in the organizational and hierarchal construction. Duties are diverse. Some illustrations could be the readying of governmental budgets and prognosiss, pull offing the fiscal personal businesss of major transnational corporations, supplying fiscal consultancy advice to a little or average graduated table endeavor ( SMSE ) or scrutinizing the histories of a public company as a member of a professional accounting pattern. Each set of duties demand preparation, accomplishment and experience in widely differing aspects of accounting. Professional accounting operates within a series of â€Å"boundaries† ordering the public presentation and activity of the map. For illustration, a trained, qualified comptroller who wishes to provide his trade as a professional will about surely have to be a member of a professional establishment in the legal power of his pick. Once qualified and registered, as in many of the professions such as jurisprudence or medical specialty, an comptroller is surrounded by a bewildering series of legislative, regulatory, ethical and moral confines. Some of the accountant’s modus operandi is enshrined in corporate statute law, codifications of pattern, accounting criterions and regulative commissariats. However, non all parametric quantities are substantial and statute. For illustration the concern community and society at big has a perceptual experience which presupposes comptrollers should dispatch their responsibilities with truth, honestness, unity and nonpartisanship. Given the diverseness and complexness of the accounting environment, rehearsing comptrollers and those who observe, regulate, Teach, train, research and develop accounting techniques, patterns and rules would deduce benefit from comprehensive and congruous set of â€Å"Accounting Theories† and derived rules. The following subdivision discusses the definition and background to some of the more noteworthy accounting theories. Accounting Theory – A Definition There are a figure of definitions of Accounting Theory. For illustration, Hendriksen and Breda suggest â€Å"a coherent set of conjectural, conceptual and matter-of-fact rules organizing a general frame of mention for asking into the nature of accounting† . [ 1 ] Another definition by Most suggests â€Å"accounting theory is that subdivision of accounting which consists of the systematic statement of rules and methodological analysis, as distinguishable from practise† [ 2 ] In most definitions it appears that the basic nomenclature refers to the construct of an implicit in set ofrules.It is deserving doing some reference of the how theories are derived. In scientific survey, theories evolve through the observation of phenomena which can take to a hypothesis which is so tested with strict and extended experimentation to get at a decision or theory. For illustration, in early 19th century medicine the premise was that cholera was an airborne disease. This was challenged b y the physician John Snow with the â€Å"hypothesis† that it was in fact a water-borne disease. Snow had the chance to verify his hypothesis in the cholera eruption in 1854 by careful observation and by plotting the location of new instances proved that they were clustered unit of ammunition specific H2O beginnings. Final cogent evidence was that after the closing of that peculiar H2O beginning, no farther new cholera instances were reported in the country. In accounting, it may ab initio be hard to gestate how theory evolves into an absolute â€Å"law† in rather the same manner as in the physical universes of say medical specialty and scientific discipline. For illustration, Newton’s 3rd jurisprudence of gesture, â€Å"for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction† may look to hold small relevancy to accountancy theory. Yet dual entry book-keeping is based on the construct that â€Å"for every debit there is an equal and opposite credit† which is an eldritch reverberation of Newton’s jurisprudence. It is besides interesting to observe that Luca Pacioli [ 3 ] derived his dual entry â€Å"law† in 1494 where Newton’s Law was established about 200 old ages subsequently. Possibly a instance of commercialism predating scientific discipline! The basic illation is that a basic set of rules for certain minutess can be observed, tested and proven to set up the â€Å"principles† o f accounting. Theory vs. Principles, Standards and Codes of Practice As discussed in subdivision 2, comptrollers do non work in stray tusk towers. They work in the existent universe of authorities, commercialism and academe, in a bewildering scope of establishments and administrations in every continent and state throughout the Earth. Human commercial activity is every bit old as society itself, and as the â€Å"guardian of fiscal communicating and control systems of society† comptrollers have existed in one signifier or another for 1000s of old ages. It is interesting to observe that in ancient Egypt, † Egyptian bookkeepers associated with each depot kept punctilious records, which werechecked by an luxuriant internal confirmation system. These early comptrollers had good ground to be honorable and accurate, because abnormalities disclosed by royal audits were punishable by all right, mutilation or death.† [ 4 ] Ancient Egyptian society had recognised the demand to develop criterions and codifications of practise and the construct of hearers as inadvertence to commercial accounting activity. Today this has developed into a bewildering scope of regulations, ordinances, codifications of practises and guidelines. A cheque of the Institute of Chartered Accountants Library [ 5 ] lists more than 30 separate Financial Reporting Standards issued by the Accounting Standards Board ( ASB ) entirely. Global, one could conceive of many 1000s of such paperss, with each legal power holding its ain attack to command and ordinance. Are every one of these criterions based on solid accounting theory, rigerously tested and proven by observation, proving and proof? This can non be the instance. Certain rules may good hold been capable to more testing and turn outing but much of content of such paperss is based on usage and pattern, shared cognition and expierience and the positions and thoughts of â€Å"experts† in the field. It may be interesting to theorize how many of the accounting rules contained in the criterions could be said to hold been straight derived from accounting theory genuinely tested and proved and found to be robust in application and reading. The premiss that accounting theory is distict from practise, as suggested by Most, may hence be valid. Oversight and Regulation The inadvertence of accounting is, as indicated by the ancient Egyptian experience, every bit old as the profession. Possibly today penalty for non-compliance is non rather as harsh, but at that place can still be important direct and indirect effects if society Judgess at that place have been major oversights in professional behavior and non-adherence to the rules, patterns and codifications of behavior adopted by a peculiar legal power. For illustration, in the Enron instance the accounting house Arthur Anderson were proved desiring as hearers of this multi-billion dollar corporation. Not merely were executives of Enron charged, and convicted of fraud, but the complicity of senior executives at Arthur Anderson proved a decease blow for the company, one of the pillars of the accounting universe. Many 1000s of guiltless people were adversely affected including stockholders and employees of both Enron and Arthur Anderson. In this instance it is clear that The comptrollers who audit f iscal statements are supposed to guarantee the legitimacy of mark-to-market rating. In the instance of Enron, nevertheless, this inadvertence was clearly missing and contributed to Enron s eventual prostration. [ 6 ] So where does accountancy theory base in supplying the cheques and balances for the accounting profession? In most legal powers there are a overplus of legal demands regulating corporate fiscal traffics. The accounting profession is mostly responsible for doing judgements on how and whether these legal demands are being met and that histories are presented in a â€Å"true and just view† . In fact this is a legal demand enshrined in statute law such as: The Companies Act requires that the balance sheet of a company must give a true and just position of its province of personal businesss at the terminal of its fiscal twelvemonth, and must follow with legislative act as to its signifier and content. [ 7 ] There is besides a strong statement to propose that as employees and sub-contractors to concern entities, comptrollers are capable to force per unit area and struggle of involvement in the discharge of their responsibilities, peculiarly with respect to the moral and ethical issues environing the demand to show a â€Å"true and just view† of the fundss of an organisation. It has been argued that â€Å"when accounting is a affair of policy and assorted policy picks are available, company directors will choose those most in agreement with their private involvements [ 8 ] But in most instances the criterions of professional behavior for comptrollers rely on self-regulation. The inquiry here is-does accounting theory have a portion to play in the prescription of what is a â€Å"true and just view† ? How is accounting theory related to the moral and ethical quandary of the accountant working within or involved with scrutinizing a major corporation where the accounting policies and concern theoretical account is fishy? An infusion of the audit study from the Bradford and Bingley 2007 Annual study reads: â€Å"In our sentiment: the Group Financial Statements give a true and just position, in conformity with IFRS as adopted by the EU, of the province of the Group’s personal businesss as at 31 December 2007 and of its net income for the twelvemonth so ended ; the Company Financial Statements give a true and just position, in conformity with IFRS as adopted by the EU as applied in conformity with the commissariats of the Companies Act 1985, of the province of the Company’s personal businesss as at 31 December 2007 ; and the Financial Statements and the portion of the Directors’ Remuneration Report to be audited have been decently prepared in conformity with the Companies Act 1985 and, as respects the Financial Statements, Article 4 of the IAS Regulation ; and the information given in the Directors’ Report is consistent with the Financial Statements.† [ 9 ] On 28 September 2008 the British Government nationalised the banking concern of Bradford and Bingley. The Arguments For and Against The proposition is: â€Å"Debates refering Accounting Theory are a waste of time† Clearly the accounting activity from pre-history to today was and is an of import component in society. It is indispensable in pass oning economic, fiscal and commercial information and is the anchor of commercial life and all signifiers of financial and fiscal minutess. Society as it is today would non work without accurate, seasonably, well-presented fiscal information. In carry throughing these demands a solid foundation of accounting theory can but beef up and heighten the professional pattern of accounting and its hereafter development. To the profession and all involved in economic and corporate activity, debates on accounting theory are a cardinal component the development of an progressively sophisticated fiscal community. However, to the bulk of us who are non straight involved, do non understand or care to acquire involved in the complexness of the academic statements associated with fiscal issues, such arguments would so be a waste of clip. But the consequence of theoretical arguments and their application to real-life activities could impact many of us deeply. The Enron and Bradford and Bingley sagas may assist the profession to develop more sophisticated accounting theories to cut down the hazard of fiscal loss to many 1000s of guiltless bystanders. One lives in hope, but no theory, no affair how sophisticated, can pass for the moral or ethical oversight. Bibliography 1Hendriksen and Breda, Accounting Theory, Richard D Irwin Inc. , 1992, p. 21 2Most, Accounting Theory, Grid Publishing, Inc. , 1982, p. 55 3Luca Pacioli: Unsung Hero of the Renaissance. Dir. Paul Jackson. With David Tinius, . , William Weis. , South-Western Publishing Company, 1990 4Article courtesy of John R. Alexander at Net Gain ( ain italics ) 5 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.icaew.com/ 6 Peter C. Fusaro, and Ross M. Miller, What Went Wrong at Enron: Everyone s Guide to the Largest Bankruptcy in U.S. History ( Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2002 7 R. Hussey, ed. , A Dictionary of Accounting, 2nd erectile dysfunction. ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999 8 Brian P. West, Professionalism and Accounting Rules ( New York: Routledge, 2003 9KPMG Audit Plc Chartered Accountants, Registered Auditor, Bradford and Bingley Annual Report 12 February 2008 1

ACT English Word Choice and Diction Errors

ACT English Word Choice and Diction Errors SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the trickier concepts that you will be tested on ACT English is your ability to choose the right word from among many that are not quite right, and to spot when words are being used incorrectly. Are you confident in your ability to find the differences in a group of similar words? Can you distinguish what’s needed from the context of a question? If you’re not so sure, read on to see how the ACT English will test you on this skill!In this post, I'll cover everything you need to know about these questions: What Does â€Å"Diction† Mean, Anyway? Diction is a fancy synonym forâ€Å"word choice† - you may have heard your literature teacher talk about itwhen analyzing a famous author’s writing style. On the ACT English, there are three main ways that word choice becomes important: recognizing commonly confused words understanding meaning in context recognizing idiomatic uses of phrases with prepositions This final topic is large enough thatwe have a whole separate article dedicated to it. But for the first two, let's lookat some example sentences that illustrate these concepts. There is nothing better then (1) waking up to the smell of freshly-brewed coffee. The exciting (2) smell really gets my blood pumping. 1. A. NO CHANGE B. better than C. better D. better to 2. A. NO CHANGE B. simulating C. dazzling D. stimulating Answers: 1. B; 2. D How did you do? These questions cover two of the most common types of diction errors that you will see on ACT English – commonly confused words and understanding meaning in context. Both of these test your ability to understand when a word is being used incorrectly. I’ll go into each of these question types in more detail below. But first, let’s talk about why ACT English has diction errors in the first place. Why Diction Errors? ACT English basically tests your ability to be an editor. The ACT wants to see if you can spot and correct errors in short passages. This skill is important for college level work, such as writing papers. Most of the ACT English questions focus on grammar, punctuation and style. By reading our guides or using another prep method, you can learn the various grammar rules that are important for being able to answer most of the questions on ACT English. With diction questions, the ACT is looking to see which students can also spot errors where you can’t apply your grammar rules. The only way you will know these answers is to understand the subtle differences between similar words. If you don’t think this task sounds too difficult, keep in mind that many students make diction errors all the time in their everyday speech and writing. The makers of the ACT know which words are most confusing for students, and focus on these when writing the test. So let’s start there – with the most commonly confused words that the ACT loves to test. The Most Common Diction Errors Some of the diction errors the ACT tests are random and therefore essentially impossibleto study for. However, the ACT writers havea couple of favorite errors, which usually appear at least once on every test. We'll go through these one at a time. THAN vs. THEN The first key concept for diction questionsis understanding the difference between â€Å"than† and â€Å"then.† Than is used to show a comparison. I am smarter than you are. He eats more rice than beans. Then is used for showing what happens next. First, she went to the store. Then, she went home. I want to eat my rice, then my beans. Pop Quiz! Look at the following pair of sentences. Can you tell which one is correct? I like blue Cornish cheese more then any other cheese in the world. I like blue Cornish cheese more than any other cheese in the world. Answer: the second is correct because the sentence shows a comparison - than is needed. How Should You Approach These Questions? Then/than errorsare pretty easy to spot and correct. When you see one of these words underlined, look at the rest of the sentence. If it is comparing something, use â€Å"than." If it is telling that one thing happened after another, use â€Å"then.† Let’s look back at the first question At the beginning of the article, I gave you the following question: There is nothing better thenwaking up to the smell of freshly-brewed coffee. A. No change B. better than C. better D. better to Now you can understand why the answer is (B) better than. The sentence shows a comparison (waking up and smelling coffee vs. waking up and doing anything else), so we need than. HAVE vs. OF The second most important diction pair to know is â€Å"have† and â€Å"of." The important distinction here is that â€Å"have† is a helping verb, while â€Å"of† is a preposition. If you see â€Å"of† being used as a helping verb, it will be incorrect! The #1 Rule for Have/Of: If you see could of, would/will of, should of, or might of: these are all INCORRECT. Instead they should be could HAVE, would/will HAVE, should HAVE, and might HAVE. This is one of those â€Å"everyday English† mistakes. In speaking, people tend to pronounceâ€Å"have† likeâ€Å"of† because it’s faster and easier to say. It also sounds a lot like our contractions â€Å"would’ve," â€Å"should’ve," etc. This has led some people to believe that â€Å"of† is actually the correct word to use in these circumstances - but it’s not! Let’s look at some examples: She would of preferred gorgonzola, but she got Cornish blue instead. INCORRECT She would have preferred gorgonzola, but she got Cornish blue instead. CORRECT "Would of" is always incorrect; "would have" is the correct replacement. How Should You Approach These Questions? Have/of questions should also be very easy to spot if you're looking for them. If you see of or have underlined, be ready to see a diction question. Remember that if you have would/will of, might of, should of, or could of, you can immediately cross out those answers. Choose an answer that replaces â€Å"of† with â€Å"have† and is also grammatically correct in the sentence. Let’s look at an example from the ACT. Dickinson’s last twenty years of letters many over 1,500 words in length reveals the breadth and depth of her connection to the world through a wide circle of correspondents. A. NO CHANGE B. reveal C. will of revealed D. would of revealed First thing we see in the answer choices are two answers that can automatically be crossed out, whichmakes our lives so much easier! Get rid of C and D, which both have the dreaded â€Å"of† construction. Now it’s a matter of differentiating between â€Å"reveals† and â€Å"reveal." At this point, you may notice that we are looking at a subject-verb agreement question. So we need to find what the subject is. Ask yourself: what is doing the revealing? It’s the â€Å"last twenty years of letters." When we cross out modifiers and the prepositional phrase, we get â€Å"last twenty years of letters." Now it’s obvious that â€Å"years† is the subject. Since â€Å"years† is a plural noun, we need the plural verb, which is â€Å"reveal." B is the answer. Other Easily Confused Words The ACT will rarely test other commonly-confused words. These questions are very difficult to predict because they happen quite infrequently. I have included a list of commonly confused words at the end of this article. Try reading through them and see if there are any that surprise you or that you didn’t know. If so, it wouldn’t hurt to make sure you have these down before you take the test. But don’t bother spending a lot of time worrying about this list. The ACT will rarely test this kind of question, so it’s really not worth stressing out over. You will most often see these commonly confused words in the context of our next type of question, which is†¦. Understanding Word Meaning in Context Instead of using really tricky commonly confused words, the ACT usually uses fairly common words with similar meanings, and asks you to choose which one is best for the sentence. This can be tricky because you have to really think about what the differences are between the different words that you're given, and also understand what the sentence needs in order to most correctly complete it. Let’s look at an example of this type of problem from the ACT: Many people might be surprised to learn that the American way of computing a person’s age differs from the traditional Korean way. In Korean tradition, a person is considered to be already one year old at the time of his or her birth. As a child growing up in two cultures, I found this contest a bit confusing. When I was in the fifth grade, was I ten or eleven years old? A.NO CHANGE B. change C. dispute D. difference This example shows how the ACT uses relatively simple words to try to trick you. You are probably familiar with all of the words in the answer choices, so let’s look at them closely to see which one best fits the sentence. All of the words here imply some sort of contrast or conflict, but in very different ways. Let’s start with the given word, â€Å"contest." A contest implies some form of formal competition between two things. Though the author says that there are differences between American and Korean age counting traditions, he doesn’t imply that they were actually in competition with each other. So (A) is out. Let’s look at (B). â€Å"Change† implies that something was one way, and then became another way. This doesn’t work because these traditions haven’t changed from one to the other - they were just different to begin with. So (B) is out. (C) is quite similar to (A), in that â€Å"dispute," like â€Å"contest," shows a direct conflict between two things. Again, this doesn’t really work because the two traditions aren’t actually competing with each other. That leaves us with (D), which is the only answer that makes sense. As we’ve said, the two traditions aren’t having a fight; they contrast simply because they have different characteristics. That means that (D), â€Å"differences," is the most appropriate answer. How Should You Approach These Questions? The meaning in context questions are definitely the trickiest of the diction questions. To spot them, look for questions that have an underlined word and answer choices that are completely different words, but are loosely related in meaning. First, read through the sentence. Try to place a word of your own in the spot of the underlined word. Now look at the answer choices. Though they will be slightly similar words, they will have different meanings. Which of them can have the meaning most like the word you put into the sentence? Choose that as the answer. Let’s look at this example from the ACT and use the above strategy to answer it. Perhaps the celebration of New Year’s Day in Korean culture is heightened because it is thought of as everyone’s birthday party. A. NO CHANGE B. raised C. lifted D. lighted First, let’s read through the sentence and try to see what should go in the blank. â€Å"Perhaps the celebration of New Year’s Day in Korean culture is _______ because it is thought of as everyone’s birthday party.† Something along the lines of â€Å"made more important† makes sense here. So which word could mean that? You’ll notice that almost all the words imply going up in one way or another - this is how the ACT is trying to trick you. But in the right context, one of them can also mean showing greater importance. â€Å"Raised† and â€Å"lifted† both refer to physically moving something up (unless they are paired with other words - not the case here). So (B) and (C) are out. â€Å"Lighted† is thrown in here to trick you and is quite different to the others - its means something has been made lighter, as in the opposite of darker. It doesn’t work at all, so (D) is out. Therefore the best word is the one the sentence started out with. If you look up â€Å"heighten†, you will see it can mean to physically raise something up, but it can also mean to make something more intense or significant, which is close to the original idea we came up with, which was making something more important. Looking Back The second question I gave you about smelling coffee in the morning had one of these meaning in context errors. Take a second look at the question. Though the answer choices are all vaguely related – they all imply something that excites or surprises in some way – the correct answer is â€Å"stimulating†. This is the only word that really implies something that helps wake you up, which is what is needed to correctly complete the sentence. Quick Recap To summarize, here are the key strategies you need to use to master diction questions on ACT English: â€Å"Of† used as a helping verb (would of, should of) is always incorrect. Choose an answer that replaces it with â€Å"have." Use â€Å"than† for sentences with comparisons. Use â€Å"then† to show one thing happening after another. When you see a meaning in context question, first read through the sentence and mentally replace the word with one that makes sense in the sentence. Choose the answer that comes closest to the word you used. Now It’s Your Turn! Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. For the past twelve years, Khoubbane has been the unassuming leader of a unique (1) culinary movement in Morocco: creating and distributing a variety of high-quality cheeses throughout the country He slices a small piece off the outer edge of the wheel. A fine dusting of white mold already covers the cheese. The flavor is intense and creamy, with just a hint of the tang that will of developed (2) over the next five months with only Khoubbane's watchful eye and sensible (3) palate to determine when it has finished maturing. It is an unexpected undertaking for the 56 year old. Cheese, as the western world knows it, is unpopular in Morocco. "Moroccans don't eat smelly things," he says with a shrug. "There is less love for cheese here then in (4) France or Italy." This attitude is slowly changing, thanks to Khoubbane. His success, he says, has been due to the fact that he has viewed the process as a labor of love, rather than a business adventure.(5) A. NO CHANGE B. single C. differentiated D. specified A. NO CHANGE B. would of developed C. will develop D. develops A. NO CHANGE B. sensitive C. emotional D. touchy A. NO CHANGE B. then between C. than in D. than between A. NO CHANGE B. venture C. advantage D. process 1. A; 2. C; B.; 4. C; 5. B List of Commonly Confused Words WORD MEANING WORD MEANING accept to receive, take except excluding access entrance; opportunity excess more than needed addition something added edition a certain production of something adopt to legally take on, accept adapt to change to be more suitable advice a recommendation advise to give a recommendation adverse bad; unfavorable averse opposed to affect to influence effect a result afflict to cause suffering inflict to force something harmful aisle space between rows isle island allude to make an indirect reference elude to avoid allusion an indirect reference illusion a false idea or vision already happened before now all ready to be entirely prepared altar table for religious ceremony alter to change altogether completely; entirely all together all things with each other a lot a large number of something allot to give out an amount of something ambivalent to have two different feelings about something ambiguous having more than one possible meaning amoral having no sense or right and wrong immoral having intentionally bad morals anecdote ashort personal story antidote a substance or activity that stops something bad angel a spiritual creature angle space between intersecting lines measured in degrees apart separated, into pieces a part a piece of something appraise to examine and judge apprise to tell someone of something are 3rd person plural of â€Å"to be† our belonging to us accent how someone pronounces words ascent movement up assent agreement/approval assistance help assistants helpers attribute a quality/characteristic contribute to give something auditory related to hearing audible able to be heard aural related to hearing oral spoken, or related to the mouth balmy pleasantly warm barmy crazy or silly bare not covered bear to carry or accept something bated in suspense, excited baited to harass (past tense) bazaar a market bizarre very strange and surprising berth a bed on a boat/train birth time when a baby is born beside next to something besides in addition to something boar a wild pig bore a dull person board a long, flat piece of wood bored feeling uninterested born to have been birthed borne carried bough a large branch of a tree bow bend upper body forward breath air that comes from lunch breathe to take air in and out brake part of a vehicle that stops it break to separate into pieces buy to purchase by shows a person who does something canvas a strong cloth canvass to ask people their opinions censure to criticize formally censor to remove offensive things from public capital city where government is based,ormoney capitol state legislature building choose to decide or pick chose past tense of choose climactic an important or exciting time climatic relating to the weather coarse rough and thick course a series of lessons collaborate to work together corroborate to provide supporting information command to order commend to praise complacent feeling you don’t need to try hard complaisant willingness to please others complement something that goes well with something else compliment saying something to show praise comprehensive thorough comprehensible easy to understand conscience the part of you that makes you feel guilty conscious aware; awake contemptuous showing contempt contemptible extremely bad corps a group of people or military force corpse a dead body council an elected group of people counsel to give advice credible able to be believed credulous gullible dairy milk products diary a book of personal thoughts descent a movement down dissent disagreement desirous wanting something desirable attractive dessert sweet food desert hot, dry area device equipment used for a particular purpose devise to design or invent something discreet secretive discrete separate and different disinterested impartial uninterested not interested do a helping verb dew drops of water due expected or planned dominant most important or wanting control dominate to control or have power over die to stop living dye substance used to change color dyeing to change the color of dying present participle of â€Å"die† elicit to get info or a reaction from someone illicit not legal eminent respected imminent about to happen immanent permanent part of something emit to send out gas/heat/light omit exclude envelop cover something envelope what letters go in everyday commonplace every day each day exhaustive comprehensive exhausting tiring expandable gets bigger expendable non-essential explicit clear, detailed implicit implied or suggested fair reasonable fare cost farther more distant (physical distance) further more flaunt exaggerate flout intentionally break the rules formally properly formerly before foreboding apprehension or anxiety forbidding unfriendly or hostile forth forwards fourth first, second, third†¦.. gorilla large monkey guerrilla unofficial military group hear percieving sound here in this place or moment heard percieved sound (past tense of hear) herd flock/gaggle/group hoard collect/store horde large group hole hollow space in something whole complete human people/person humane kind implicit implied or suggested complicit involved in imply suggest implicate suggest someone is involved in something infer guess something based on the information you have incur cause unpleasant consequences to oneself occur to happen indeterminate uncertain or unclear interminable lasting a long time, in a boring way influence impact affluence wealth ingenious really clever ingenuous innocent and trusting its belongs to it’s it is knew past tense of "know" new not old know to be aware of something no a denial laid past tense of lay lain past tense of lie later occuring further along in time latter near the end of a period lay to put something down lie to recline horizontally lead to take charge led had taken charge lessen to reduce or decrease lesson what a teacher teaches lightning weather lightening becoming lighter or brighter loose not tight lose to not win maybe an adverb that means "perhaps" may be a verb phrase indicating that something could happen but is not certain meat flesh meet assemble mete administer a punishment metal hard, shiny substance medal metal object given as a prize mettle courage, strength, or fortitude miner someone who works in a mine minor not important; underageperson moral right and wrongs morale confidence level in the success of an endeavor passed to go by something; alternatively, to qualify past something that’s happened before now patience to stay calm patients sick people peace tranquility piece a part of peak the top peek a quick look pique annoyance pedal foot operated part of machine petal part of a flower peddle to sell perpetrate do something bad perpetuate to sustain or preserve something personal relating to a person personnel staff persecute oppress or abuse prosecute to take legal action against someone perspective viewpoint prospective potential buyer, or applying to the future plain ordinary, unremarkable plane flying vehicle pore small hole, esp. in the skin pour make liquid flow from a container precede to happen before something else proceed to go forward precedent an example or model president the head of prescribe recommend or authorize medical treatment proscribe to forbid presence being in a place presents gifts principal most important principle fundamental rule quiet no noise quite completely rain precipitation reign to rule rein straps that control a horse raise to lift raze completely destroy rational reasonable rationale the reason reluctant unwilling reticent saying little about what you feel respectfully showing respect respectively in the same order reverend Christian official reverent showing respect right correct rite traditional religious ceremony write produce words road surface built for vehicles rode to have ridden scene location or site seen to have looked sense feeling or awareness of something; one of the 5 senses since between the past and now; because sensible practical or realistic sensitive delicate; responsive sensory connected to the physical senses sight vision site a place cite mention something as proof simulate to mimic stimulate to activate or energize a process stationary unmoving; still stationery office supplies, esp. paper straight not curved strait narrow waterway or channel connecting two bodies of water suppose assume or presume supposed to expected to do something taught educated, instructed taut stretched very tight than used to compare two things then at that time their belongs to them there at that place or location they’re they are through from one end to the other threw to have thrown thorough completely to preposition used to describe a definition or identify the object of something too as well as two comes after one track narrow path tract large area of land visual relating to seeing visible able to seen waist around the middle of your body waste a bad use of something waive give up or cede wave move hand from side to side weak not strong week 7 days weather conditions in the air above the earth (wind, rain etc) whether if, or not wether a castrated ram where to, at, or in what place were past tense of "to be" which determining pronoun witch woman with magical powers whose pronoun identifying what belongs to someone who’s who is your belonging to you you’re you are yore a long time ago What’s Next? Now that you know how to tackle one of the trickier subjects on the ACT English, try another: here is how to take on idioms on the ACT. Not sure what else you’ll be up against? Here is a full breakdown of what you will find on ACT English. Aiming high? Here are some top tips to get a 36 on ACT English. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Our ideas of what it is to be British have fundamentally altered in Essay

Our ideas of what it is to be British have fundamentally altered in the last fifty years. Discuss - Essay Example British citizenship and nationality is governed by the British nationality law, which can be acquired by a descent from British nationals. In an historical context, British people refer to the ancient Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of the Great Britain (Hall, 2004:108). In essence, this paper will delve the present assertion that the ideas of what it is to be British have fundamentally altered in the last fifty years. The English are ethnic group of people from England, a country of the United Kingdom and commonly known to speak English. They originate from the early mediaeval where old English was spoken. They are the source of English language, the parliamentary systems, the common law system, and the numerous major sports. The Irish people are the ethnic group who originate in Ireland, which is an island in the Northwestern Europe. Descendants of the Irish live in many western countries especially the English speaking countries. Their immigration was caused by politics, famine, and economic issues. The Welsh people are the ethnic group and native of Wales and speak the Welsh language. They are common in the northern and western region. They share a common cultural heritage and shared ancestral origin. The Scottish people are an ethnic group native to Scotland, amalgamation of the Picts and the Gaels. They are tied to their linguistic, culture, family ancestors, and generic nature of origin. Th eir decency in many countries with emigration is attributed to highland and lowland clearances. The notion of the Britishness was shamed during the Napoleonic Wars between the Britian and the first French Empire that later developed further during the Victorian era. Britishness became mixed in much older identities of English, Scots and the Welsh culture with a distinct that resist the notion of a homogenized British identity. Controversies of British identity arise in the Northern Ireland in Leu of the longstanding

Personal Statement for International commercial and business law

For International commercial and business law - Personal Statement Example By studying business law I have come to understand that the legitimate system of a nation is closely linked to its social, political and cultural customs and to its complete financial condition. In exact, the skills in business Law that I studied at the university is a field that is aimed at regulating the global monetary associations; it comprises international community law, global private law and the public laws of diverse nations. It is my belief that the greatest technique of applying these skills of this this topic well is by getting me into the other nations globally with the aim of experiencing and being acquainted with the precise legitimate systems. When pursuing my undergraduate program at the University, the institution allowed me to learn all the elementary courses of business law in a systematic manner; I was thus able to become exposed to fundamental groups of specific laws. However, among these classes, my most favorite was business law. This enabled me to receive a series of awards and as well as scholarships, this was a significance of how I exceled in my academic works. In 2009, due to the excellent school performance, I managed to qualify on a trip that was very educative and that where i attained the vast experience that I have today, I was selected as one of the five students to go to Korea to present my university in a course program. On this trip we spend a full month whereby I managed to work together and bond with law students internationally, the most fundamental courses that I studied at the program in Korea entailed, Global Financial Law, Overview of American law, and WTO and China. These lectures were mostly given my professors who were form the United States. I did not only manage to attain high marks for these courses. On the other hand, I managed to adapt myself to the different styles of education that

PTLLS Assignment. The teaching and training cycle Essay Example for Free

PTLLS Assignment. The teaching and training cycle Essay |Using the teaching and training cycle |Identifying needs and planning | |as a model, discuss one responsibility|One role/ responsibility of a teacher is to initially assess the students in order to identify their current skills; their preferred learning styles and any barriers or| |which would come under each part of |challenges to learning. This will enable the teacher to plan lessons according to the needs of the learners and in accordance with organisational policies and | |the cycle. |procedures. | | | | | |Designing | | | One role/ responsibility of a teacher is to prepare teaching and learning resources and activities. This will usually involve designing a scheme of work, session plans | | |and appropriate materials and resources suitable to the level and needs of the learners. | | | | | |Facilitating | | |One role/ responsibility of a teacher is to use a variety of teaching and learning materials and approaches to motivate, engage and encourage learning in an appropriate| | |and professional manner. | | | | | |Assessing | | |It is the role / responsibility of a teacher to assess learners’ progress in accordance with the requirements of the awarding organisation. The teacher does this by | |Â  |preparing realistic assessment materials (both formative and summative) and by giving feedback to the learners on what has been done correctly and what needs to be | | |improved on. | | | | | |Evaluating | | |It is the role/ responsibility of the teacher to reflect on the teaching and learning process. This involves reflecting on the weaknesses and strengths of the lesson | | |plans, the resources and the actual delivery with the aim of improving the teaching and learning process. The reflection is usually done by the teacher after each | | |lesson and sometimes by students/other teachers. | |Discuss 2 professional boundaries you |I would need to remain in control, be fair and ethical with all my students and not demonstrate any favouritism towards particular students. For example, I should not | |would need to maintain. |give one student more support than I give to the others. | | | | | | I would need to remain professional when in contact with other co-workers within the organisation and not to overstep the boundary of my role as a teacher. For example,| | |if something goes wrong with the electrical system while I am teaching, I should not try to fix this myself but rather I should call the electrical crew. | |Give 2 examples of when you might need|Two examples of when I might need to refer a learner for him/her to get needed support are: | |to refer a learner in order for them |The learner is being abused in any form. | |to get needed support. |The learner has depression issue that is affecting his/her learning process. | |List 2 responsibilities you have in |Two responsibilities I have in respect to other professionals I work with are: | |respect to other professionals you |I should ensure that all my administrative work such as class register; students’ assessment records are up to date. | |will work with. |I should ensure that I complete my lessons within the scheduled time so that the next teacher can start his/her lesson on time. |

Regulatory Issues of VoIP :: essays research papers

Regulatory issues of VoIP The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has worked to create an environment promoting competition and innovation to benefit consumers. Historically, the FCC has not regulated the Internet or the services provided over it. On February 12, 2004, the FCC found that an entirely Internet-based VoIP service was an unregulated information service. Currently, the FCC is not regulating VoIP, however there are still major concerns that need to be addressed. There are three main issues that are of the utmost importance to the telecommunications industry. The Tax Freedom act, E-911, and Calea are three most imperative issues concerning VoIP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet Tax Freedom Act was authored by Rep. Christopher Cox and Sen. Ron Wyden, and signed into law on October 21, 1998 by President Bill Clinton. This law bars state and local governments from taxing Internet access service. In 2003 the House of Representatives approved bill H.R. 49, the â€Å"Internet Tax Non-Discrimination Act of 2003.† This bill would expand and make permanent a federally imposed â€Å"moratorium† on state and local taxation of sales of â€Å"Internet access† services. States and local governments would be permanently prohibited from charging sales taxes on the monthly service charge that households and businesses pay to be able to access the World Wide Web.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VoIP rides a fine line between being a telephone service and an internet service. This is due to the fact that a call is initiated from a phone in an analog format, transmitted over the internet in a digital format and finally converted back to analog format typically across the same lines that traditional phones operate on. In addition many states rely on the taxes received from telephone service to run programs to low income areas. VoIP is seen as threat to these programs because taxes will not be imposed on this service due to current legislative language. Many opponents of the non-taxation of VoIP feel that exemption from taxation is not needed to spur investments in this type of telecommunication. They also feel it singles out one type of telecommunications service for favorable treatment, which will lead to other types of services asking for similar treatment at the expense of the state and local tax base. E-911 short for Enhanced 911, is a location technology that will enable phones to process 911 emergency calls and enable emergency services to locate the geographic position of the caller. When a person makes a 911 call using a traditional phone with ground wires, the call is routed to the nearest public safety answering point (PSAP) that then distributes the emergency call to the proper services.

Death memoir of Emperor Constantine the great Essay

Death memoir of Emperor Constantine the great Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I was born on February 22nd 272 in a place known as Naissus in Serbia. My father was the Roman Emperor by then but he later died. I was not the one who was supposed to take the position of the Emperor because there was a well- established system of succession but my soldiers declared me as their leader and I had no option but to take the seat of the Roman Emperor in 306. I ruled for many years where I have many achievements and failures. My time has come to leave this world and the leadership of this world to other people but I found it important to write this memoir for those who do not know me well and the generation to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political field was my area of dominance for the years that have been in this world, I have many achievements in this field of politics which have helped the Roman Empire to be in the position it is currently. When I took the seat of the Emperor of Roman, there were many Emperors that were ruling different parts of Roman territory and thus it was not easy to administer the area well (Hartley, 2006). I decided to conquer all those empires and I united Roman Empire as one territory. This brought stability to the whole territory because all the operations of the Empire were controlled from the capital of the empire which was Rome. My second step in my leadership role was the introduction of a new capital of the Roman Empire. I was a bright leader and I knew how to focus on the future, this is why I figured out that Rome was not strategically advantaged especially in the time of war and that is why I decided to build Constantinople city which became the capital of Roman Empire. When the war arose between Rome and Italy I was able to defend the territory through the new capital because it was strategically positioned and thus is was easy to defend. My political leadership helped Roman Empire to experience the best time of stability ever in its history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides being a political leader, I also put my concern to major issues in the society like art and architecture. My predecessors Emperors did not consider this issue with a lot of seriousness and as a result of that, during my time the art and architecture of the territory had decreased at a very high rate. I decided to revive the art of the Empire and that is where I went to the city of Greece and robed them all their finest art. I took the finest work of art to the artist who had remained and the one who were coming up in my Empire. This became source of inspiration to many artists and thus the work of art was revived again. The city of Constantinople was one of the cities at that time which had the highest level of architecture; this was as a result of my work of bringing architecture from the town of Greece to help in the building of the city. The arch of Constantine is also one of the greatest works that shows the level I took archit ecture during my reign (Kousoulas, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If I am not wrong, people will remember me because of the role I did in religion more than the one I played in politics. Worship of idol gods was the most common type of religion in the Empire but I overcame all the pressure of those religions and I introduced Christianity which I believe in near future will be the largest religion in the world. I also brought order in Christianity where I came with Sunday as the official day of worship instead of Saturday which was there before. I brought the idea of pope in the church and the respect of priest and bishops. I did a lot of work to harmonize Christianity and politics and it was also one of the reasons why the Empire was very peaceful during my time. I had put Christianity ahead of my army because I knew very well that Gods protection was more than millions of soldier’s protection and that is why I introduced the revenue collection initiative in order to support the Christianity espec ially the clergy. However, despite all the good things I deed during my time, I am sorry to say that there are some things that history will judge me harshly for. I introduced Christianity in the Roman Empire because of my political gain but not because of the love of God. I measured the progress of other Emperors who ruled a head of me and a saw that the only way I could survive in the leadership position is by introducing Christianity in the territory (Holloway, 2007). Many people will judge me not because of introducing Christianity but because of my intentions. I persecuted many Protestants who were against the idea of Catholics and that will also be the harshest judgment I will receive. As I leave this world, I would like to advise my successor to continue with my achievements and to rectify my failures. References Hartley, E., Hawkes, J., Henig, M., & Yorkshire Museum. (2006). Constantine the Great: York’s Roman emperor. York: York Museums and Gallery Trust. Kousoulas, D. G. (2007). The life and times of Constantine the Great: The first Christian emperor. S.l.: Booksurge?. Holloway, R. (2007). R. Ross Holloway. Review of â€Å"Constantine the Great: York’s Roman Emperor† by Elizabeth Hartley, Jane Hawkes, and Martin Henig. Caa.Reviews. doi:10.3202/caa.reviews.2007.46 Source document

Chinese Automobile Industry in Egypt Essay

Introduction There are many aspects regarding the Chinese automobile industry in Egypt regarding how it mirrors on customer satisfaction, despite common believes China has been producing cars before the Koreans for almost over 50 years. The very first Chinese car was a poor copy of what European, American and Japanese manufacturers produce. It wasn’t designed with the anxiety of comfort, security nor style; it was more like wheeled boxes made of light steel, with a primitive petrol engine. After 20 years, Chinese automobile industry has finally become one of largest market in automobile market. The major advantage that Chinese cars have is its low pricing compared to other cars from western auto giants such as Germany and France, which is a satisfactory advantage to most of the Egyptians. – Besides the fact that Chinese cars are of lower prices, there are other factors that consumers look for in a car; this research measures weather Chinese cars meets the customers perceived values of satisfaction regarding performance and design or not. Foreign car manufacturers may not think that china would create any threat to their automobile industry. However, the great prospective of the Chinese car maker cannot be taken lightly. It is the time for Chinese companies to support for more future challenges and take hold of a bigger share in the global market. Consumers in Egypt are very diverse; some base their perceptions regarding products on prior experience, delivering value expected and/or through overall performance. Those creates a huge conflict of interests between personal perceptions in the Egyptian market where some perceive Chinese cars as a low quality product with a cheap price tag, and others perceive them as economic high quality vehicles. – In 2004 China generated 5 million from car sales, coming third after America which generated 17 million and Japan with 5. 9 million. This shows that the Americans and the Japanese are considered to be of a high quality regarding safety, durability, resale price, and comfort which is what most Egyptian customers look for in a car. However, according to David Thomas [1] â€Å"China is going to become the second-largest market in the world sometime over the next two or three years,† [2] he also said â€Å"China is developing in very similar ways (to the developed markets), but doing it so much quicker,† [3] enunciating on the statement â€Å"so much quicker. †[4] Theoretical framework: 2. 1) Defining Customer satisfaction: Customer satisfaction is an evaluation of how goods and services provided by an organization to meet or to exceed the customer’s expectation and it may be measured directly by survey and expressed as a percentage. Customer satisfaction is a vague and conceptual, and the tangible appearance of the state of satisfaction will differ from individual to individual and good or service to good and service. In a competitive market, where companies compete for customers, customer satisfaction is perceived as a key differentiator and increasingly become a key element of business strategy now days. 2. 1. 1) variables effecting Customer satisfaction is:- There are various elements effecting customer satisfaction starting with product quality to after sales services. This requires the organization and even third-party service firms to work as a whole to ensure that the customers are getting what they want and more â€Å"serving the customer†. Customer Satisfaction has backgrounds in two ideas about quality; gap-based view of quality, which has to do with delighting the customers rather than just satisfying them, and conformance to a standard or specification, which has to do with minimize production errors and monitoring the quality of delivery. The best method is to take a section of customers and to try to ask them about their experiences over a certain period of time; however, this only shows the regular view and will oversight any key limits that are important from operational view. Understanding the link between consumer’s information search behavior and customer satisfaction shows a better over view of what should be done to meet what the customers want. Findings suggest that the three types of consumer as defined by whether and how they search for information (passive, rational-active, and relational-dependent). [5]. Each type of customer has a different way of perceiving satisfaction. – Customer satisfaction is a key element in competitive advantage since that a satisfied customer means: 1- Long-term relationship (repeat sale). 2- Good advertising (word of mouth). 3- Customer loyalty. 4- Obtaining new customers (followers). 5- Increase in market share. The relationship marketing is one of the most important tends in the marketing due to the importance of repeat business. Relationship marketing mainly focuses on developing trust and loyalty between the customer and the supplier. Establishing and maintaining loyal base of customers is a major key to a fast growing organization. – Customer satisfaction and attractiveness are linked together. In order to accomplish customer satisfaction accurately; some variables should be recognized. There are several factors that are applicable to automobiles by which consumers look for which, product quality, services, engine performance, design, and accessories. On the other hand, most customers are keen to buy a car including all these features with reasonable pricing. However, it’s difficult to obtain high quality with low price, as it’s said, â€Å"Better price for better quality† [6], which indicates that the more the customer pays, the higher the quality. Another variable hovering over customer satisfaction is customer’s retention. This aim is achieved when the customer is convinced with the performance of the car brand he chose to the point of repurchase. No business can exist without any customers and it’s important for the business to work closely with the customers to make sure that they are satisfied and their needs are met. Companies form a close working relation with their clients; so customer relation is important. Measuring the customer satisfaction is obviously to measure the quality and the performance of the good or service that the company provides. The objective is to determine how well the good or the service to achieves the purpose or the need for which it is purchased. Understanding, meeting, and exceeding customer expectations are fundamental in creating customer satisfaction. The customer relationship is a distinctive aspect of the relationship marketing. – Through analyzing several articles, we’ve found a relation between the customer satisfactions, needs and perceived value with the quality and price of the car’s characteristics, expectations and the company’s relationship value. There is a weak relation between all the independent variables, when the customer expectations are not met when buying a car with low prices. – Thus, it varies from a car’s characteristics to meet the customer’s needs but still with high or moderate prices, also, there is a strong relation between customers’ perceived value and the company’s s relationship value. Where, if the company wants their customers to remain satisfied, they must do a direct relation with them, for an example, making more events, doing the customer’s evaluation from time to time, and create a bond between the customer with hisher car, where heshe can appreciate more the price she/he paid, besides, the relationship between the company and the customers can be sometimes deceiving, where the customer can pay no attention to the bad characteristics or quality in hisher, just because of the great relation and its service quality of the company. The customer satisfaction is a very important element to have a successful business and in order to maintain that companies have to be able to cope with the change in the environment around its business, which has to do with understanding customer preferences. Also expanding the business won’t be attainable if you don’t have a satisfied customer base and that the company must be customer oriented instead of being manufacturing oriented. In the automobile industry the purchase intentions are moving towards cars which have a low gasoline consumption rate, so the industry must take the buyers behavior in consideration. – There are a lot of fields which create and retain customer satisfaction; in order to retain customer satisfaction all the products/services offered to the costumers should be matching the customers’ perceived value. – There are also factors that affect customer satisfaction such as the economic performance, for example when the financial crisis occurred, customers started focusing on products and alternatives to brands they used to purchase with lower prices. This economic draw back affected sellers’ attitudes pessimistically which reflected negatively their relationship with the consumers; however, there were sellers who were trying to grab customer’s attention through creating a strong relationship with them. – Another point to know the importance of the customer satisfaction to maintain business excellence, a seller who creates a good relationship with his consumers and offer them more than they expect is always a seller who maintains and sustains his business excellence, because the more the customer is satisfied the more he buys and create a positive word of mouth. 2. 2) Defining the product performance: Associating between the observed and currant performance of a product, and its predicted use and efficiency has generally been the known definition for customer satisfaction. Lately companies of different fields have learned and understood the importance of such matters due to the fierce competition. Consumers have grown to be more sophisticated, more skeptics and are constantly looking for the most efficient, and the most convenient products that would satisfy their needs and wants. 2. 2. 1) Variables affecting the car’s performance: There are several variables that affect the car’s performance, beginning with the car’s engine performance, which is the main image of the car that varies in the gas consumption, how much fuel did the engine burn? Also sometimes customers’ satisfaction relies on the speed of the car, and how far can it speed up in no time. Moreover, there are several variables that represent each other in a way that the car’s quality stands for its stability, durability, and the safety features. Which are the most important variables that can affect the customer’s satisfaction that every person is looking for safety that represent the stability and low possibility of any accident accuracy? Furthermore, the design of the car is related to the stability by which, the more aero-dynamic is the design the less air force that face the front of the car, that lead to a less fuel consumption, more stability, and of course more speed. Finally, the car accessories are sometimes very expensive that can cause a low customer satisfaction, and lack in buying the car. 2. 2. 2) Defining personal experience: – Experience is being an active participant in an event or an activity which leads to a growth in one’s skills or knowledge. Where the customer can perceive a certain product wither it’s going to meet or exceed his expectations or not, through the interaction with similar products or services. 2. 2. 3) Personal experiences related to the Chinese automobile industry: – When a consumer purchases any car, a certain image or knowledge goes through his mind. This image and knowledge becomes a standard for the consumer while comparing his/her car to any other alternative, because this is his/her experience with the product so in order for him/her to know what’s best and what’s worse he/she compares the alternative’s features to his/her own product’s features such as: performance of the engine, safety features, durability and stability, car quality, fuel consumption, accessories and design of the car. – Consumers differ in their way of thinking and the bases behind their decisions, that is why Chinese car manufacturers should put in mind that a consumer who buys their product is driven to this purchase through his/her perception, and because not every consumer has the same perception about Chinese cars, Chinese car manufacturers should build a positive and strong perception with the automobile consumers about their products, as a consumer maybe more interested in the car’s safety features rather than the price or cost efficiency and vice versa. 2. 3) factors affecting the overall customer satisfaction through cars performance: – Chinese automobile manufacturer should consider their image according to the consumer’s personal experience where the consumer perceive and compare the coming alternative with their own previous experiences related to the car they owned or would like to buy. – In order to meet the customer satisfaction, car makers should provide many researches on the need and wants of the customer by which every customers’ needs change in a certain period of time. – Customers have their own perception in each car brand and its performance, where customers’ needs vary from one to the other regarding the characteristics they look for in a car, thus car manufacturers provide several models in order to meet each segment’s needs. – As Chinese automobile industry has enlarged its market share all over the world, they should put in mind that consumer will always compare their products in order to make the purchase decision, that can always be affected by the performance of their previous car, where the Chinese automakers should exceed or meet the consumer’s expectation in order to start a preferable image and reputation especially when it comes to the quality and durability of their product as it’s known as a poor product in these terms particularly compared with their competitors. Conclusion: – Studies have shown that the relation between product performance and post experience has an effect on the overall satisfaction factors. This study will further more elaborate where the Chinese car manufacturers stand in the Egyptian market regarding all aspects of performance, image, and price. This research will also cross reference the Chinese automobile industry with other automobile industries. This will show if there is any positive or negative relationship between the customer satisfactions versus car performance and previous experience concerning the Chinese automobile industry.

Vague, Vagrant, and Vagabond

Vague, Vagrant, and Vagabond Vague, Vagrant, and Vagabond Vague, Vagrant, and Vagabond By Mark Nichol The three words in the title above, and others that share a derivation alluding to a lack of certainty or direction, are defined and discussed in this post. The Latin adjective vagus literally means â€Å"wandering† and figuratively refers to uncertainty. The name of either of a pair of nerves that extend from the brain to the abdominal organs is taken directly from this term, and vague means â€Å"uncertain† or â€Å"lacking specificity†; the noun form is vagueness. Some etymological sources trace vagrant, meaning â€Å"wanderer,† to early Germanic languages as a cognate with walk. However, it might also be derived from the Old French term vagant, from vagari, the Latin verb form of vagus. The word, also used as an adjective, generally refers to an itinerant person with no home or steady (or legal) employment. A similar and related (and more colorful) term is vagabond, from the Latin gerund vagabundus, meaning â€Å"wandering.† Vagari, meanwhile, is the source of vagary, a little-used noun meaning â€Å"aimless journey† by way of the Italian word vagare (or perhaps directly from the Latin word). The plural form, vagaries, much more common, refers to unpredictability. Two other terms derived from vagari, one rare and the other obsolete, are the nouns divagate (literally, â€Å"wander apart†) and evagation, meaning â€Å"the act of wandering.† A more prominent derivation is extravagant, which means â€Å"excessive† or â€Å"extreme.† Interestingly, stray, meaning â€Å"wanderer† as a noun (as when referring to a stray animal) and â€Å"wander† as a verb (including in the sense of deviating from proper conduct), may be derived from extravagant, though it possibly stems from Latin by way of Old French as a cognate of street. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterUse a Dash for Number RangesWords That Begin with Q

A Poetic Message Of Hope By Anne Bradstreet

A Poetic Message Of Hope By Anne Bradstreet Hope in the face of death seems to be an impossible concept to adequately convey to a reader. After all, death itself seems to be the epitome of hopelessness and despair. However, Anne Bradstreet conveys in her poetry this very idea. Bradstreet lived in a Puritan community in America where people lived very hard lives and struggled greatly. In such conditions, death was a possibility that loomed over people on a daily basis. As such, it is a topic that Bradstreet chose for many of her poems. She endeavors to bring hope to her fellow settlers, even in the face of death, by widening their field of vision to include eternity that is promised to them by God. In her poems â€Å"Contemplations,† â€Å"Before the Birth of One of her Children,† and â€Å"As Weary Pilgrim,† Bradstreet uses nature to illustrate where to keep one’s focus in life and shows how to remain hopeful when death is an inevitable and ever-present fact of life. While Bradstreet praises nature in her poetry, she acknowledges its insufficiency while using it for a higher purpose. In her poem â€Å"Contemplations,† she speaks highly of nature and the beauty it possesses. She praises nature’s ability for rejuvenation in the eighteenth stanza by saying, â€Å"If winter come and greenness then do fade, / A spring returns, and they more youthful made† (Bradstreet 124-125). She seems envious of this trait and reveres it. She then observes that man falls short in these terms: â€Å"But man grows old, lies down, remains where once he’s laid† (Bradstreet 126). Man falls victim to time and age without the ability to regenerate. With this realization, she is addressing a subject that would have been very prevalent in her time: death. Life in America was hard for people in the communities in which Bradstreet found herself, and these harsh conditions led to very high death rates. This accounts for Bradstreet’s adm iration for nature’s regenerative powers and takes it a step further by asking a question: â€Å"Shall I then praise the heavens, the trees, the earth / Because their beauty and their strength last longer?† (Bradstreet 134-135). She quickly silences this thought by observing that, despite the longevity of trees, the earth, and all other forms in nature, these things will eventually die and â€Å"man was made for endless immortality† (Bradstreet 140). She is showing that despite the places where man falls short, namely in strength and longevity, he will receive his reward in the eternal world and because of that, man is superior. This would have been a message of hope for the people of Bradstreet’s time that were struggling. This idea that they would be rewarded in the next life was a comforting notion and one that was rooted in Puritan beliefs. However, rendering nature insignificant seems to be contradictory to the rest of the poem, which spends a good a mount of time praising nature. Despite her seemingly contradictory statements about nature’s worthiness of adulation, she is justified in her use of nature as her focus and her praise of nature’s beauty and superior appearance because she speaks about nature as a reflection and illustration of religious ideals. She opens the poem with praise for the beauty of the trees during autumn. She takes it a step further in stating, â€Å"If so much excellence abide below, / How excellent is He that dwells on high†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradstreet 9-10). She sees nature as a reflection of God himself. Not only is it a reflection; Bradstreet also proves that observations of nature can be used to illustrate religious concepts. For example, she observes a fish swimming and infers that he is striving for the goal of reaching the ocean. As she did with her previous description of nature, she takes the illustration further and relates it to something of greater value. In the same way the fish is struggling, a person strugg les through the hardships of life with the promise of eternal life at the end of the journey. Nature alone is not worthy of worship, but when viewed as God’s creation and a reflection of him, it is to be revered because it is meant to point to him. She is conveying the importance of keeping the focus on God in all things and to strive for the ultimate goal of eternity throughout life rather than earthly goals. In the words of Kopacz, she is saying, â€Å"Earthly achievement and status, memorials and records, are meaningless in the perspective of eternity. Only salvation can triumph over time† (Kopacz). As she refocuses her audience, she is telling them through her use of nature that God and salvation in him should be focused on in life because it is the only thing that lasts throughout eternity. She recognizes the difficulty of keeping one’s eyes on God and illustrates this struggle in her poem entitled â€Å"Before the Birth of One of her Children.† This poem was written upon the impending birth of one of Bradstreet’s children, and in it, she recognizes the possibility of dying in childbirth. She observes in the poems the far-reaching power of death by stating, â€Å"No ties so strong, no friends so dear and sweet, / But with death’s parting blow is sure to meet† (Bradstreet 3-4). With this statement and the previous examples of Bradstreet’s poetry, one would expect mention of the eternal life that waits after death. However, as Dempsey points out, â€Å"the speaker does not soften death’s reality with pious words about an expectation of heaven or by a repentance for sin† (Dempsey). The poem is void of any such promise. Instead, she laments leaving behind her husband and begs that he cherish her children if she should perish. She even goes on to say, â€Å"And if I see not half my days that’s due†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradstreet 13). In other words, she is saying that if something does happen to her, she will have been cheated out of time on this earth. This is not the voice of someone who is looking toward the eternal life promised after death. This is a realistic and natural attitude to have, and she is illustrating here the difficulty when facing death to keep one’s eyes on such things. When faced with the possibility of leaving all that one has known, she shows that worrisome thoughts set in and fall upon those you will leave behind. This gives the poem a desperate tone that is devoid of hope. However, this is not the only view of death that Bradstreet gives. In her poem entitled â€Å"As Weary Pilgrim,† she talks about the toils of life and the relief and comfort to be found in life after death and states, â€Å"Such lasting joys shall there behold†¦ Lord make me ready f or that day / Then come, dear Bridegroom, come away† (Bradstreet 41-44). In her poetry, she illustrates the desperate struggle with one’s own death while showing the reader that relief can be found when focuses on the eternal life God promises. Anne Bradstreet’s religious beliefs are strongly rooted in her poetry, and the poetry itself seeks to help people on their own spiritual journeys. She shows how man is superior to nature because of the promise of eternal life. Although it may seem in this life that nature itself is stronger and more majestic than man, it is of no value because man will receive his reward in the next life. Therefore, to understand this, one must always remain focused on God and the ultimate goal of eternity with him. She illustrates that very concept by connecting everything she sees in nature back to religious ideas. However, as Bradstreet realized, this is not always an easy to do. Her feelings about the possibility of her own death are also in her poetry, and they evoke a sense of hopelessness. She shows her own despair that occurs when she lets her eyes fall from God to earthly things alone, and in illustrating that struggle, she makes her message of hope even stronger. Her charge to keeps one’s eyes on God, and the illustration of her own struggle to do so in her poetry shows that there is hope to be found in the end, even for those, like herself, who may struggle to keep their eyes on that which is eternal. Works Cited Bradstreet, Anne. Anne Bradstreet. Beginnings to 1820, edited by Nina Baym, 8th ed., W. W. Norton and Company, 2012, pp. 207-38. 2 vols. Dempsey, Francine. Before The Birth Of One Of Her Children. Masterplots II: Poetry, Revised Edition (2002): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. Kopacz, Paula. Contemplations. Masterplots II: Poetry, Revised Edition (2002): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 21 Sept. 2016.

Comparison the education between saudi arabia and usa Essay

Comparison the education between saudi arabia and usa - Essay Example About 90 percent of Saudi nationals are Arabs† (Saudi Arabia). Because of these huge differences between these two countries, the educational system in these two countries is also different. This paper compares the educational system between Saudi Arabia and USA. The education in Saudi Arabia and the USA are similar in terms of government spending on education, freedom to choose the school and education for people with special needs, while differ in terms of attitude towards education, literacy rate, religion in school, gender roles, grading scales, and stages of education (Stevenson) America is one of the most advanced countries in the world which reflected in their educational system also. Historically, Christians are keener in providing better education to their children whereas Muslims are not much keener in providing education to their children, especially to the females. These differences in attitude towards education are reflected in the social life of these two countrie s. While most of the Americans are going to the schools and colleges irrespective of the gender differences, in Saudi Arabia, women are not much interested in getting educated because of the social systems prevailing there. The Saudi Arabian curriculum is mostly dominated by the Religious beliefs and the influence of religion can be witnessed at every corner in Saudi Arabian educational systems.